An Analysis of Africa's Unconstitutional Government Transitions

Over fifty years ago, military takeovers in Africa exacerbated unconstitutional political transitions. The African Union (AU), founded in 2001, has significantly impacted African law by addressing illegal government changes. The AU has created a legal framework, including targeted sanctions, to ease these transitions. Despite its poor design and implementation, the AU is an important player in advancing democracy. However, the definition of unconstitutional changes is too narrow, and sanctions are often unnecessary. The book explores the rise of unconstitutional changes in African governments, particularly in Mauritania, Guinea, Madagascar, and Niger, which challenge the African democratic project. It explores the causes, reactions, and methods of government change, including military takeovers, presidential extensions, and election manipulation. The book also examines the limitations of institutional mechanisms and military intervention in Africa since the Cold War, offering insights and suggestions for best way of transition of elected government with popular mandate by African peoples.