Frustration and Force Majeure

The third edition of Frustration and Force Majeure provides a thorough examination of the principles governing the conflict between the sanctity of contract and the discharge of contractual obligations in response to supervening events. The author guides the reader through a list of supervening events which may be encountered in any commercial transaction, setting out the statutory principles involved, together with judicial interpretations from a number of common law jurisdictions.

The new 3rd edition:

Discusses some 70 new cases decided in England and in other common law jurisdictions in four continents
Examines the impact on the law relating to frustration of recent cases arising out of the seizure of ships by Somali pirates demanding ransom
Discusses the relation, in cases of an employee’s supervening disability, between common law frustration and the employer’s duty (under Equality Act 2010) to make reasonable adjustments
Contrasts the judicial trend to restrict the scope of frustration of contracts with the effect of supervening events on non-contractual promises which have some legal force by virtue of estoppel or analogous doctrines
Examines cases (such as the Classic Maritime case (2010). the Tandrin Aviation case (2010) and the Gold Group case (2010) which consider whether the financial crisis of 2008 and after could be a ground of frustration or be covered by a force majeure clause
Discusses some of the provisions Draft Common European Sales Law, in particular Articles 88 and 89
Makes many references to The Sea Angel (2007)’ a case on temporary impossibility but also a source of many new ideas on the doctrine of frustration: e.g., that a “reality check” should be applied in deciding whether supervening events should lead to discharge
Discusses the re-examination in the Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines (2010) of the principles governing alleged frustration by partial illegality
Re-examines “theories” of frustration in the light of recent judicial opinions

Frustration and Force Majeure:

Provides a thorough examination of the principles governing the sanctity of a contract
Examines the conflict between contractual obligations and the ability to discharge said obligations in response to supervening events
Discusses in detail the development of the doctrine of Frustration within the law of contract
Contains a comparative element to the narrative which looks at the various foreign systems for rules, concepts and examples with which an evaluation of the English rules can be made
Contains an examination of the concept of impossibility distinguishing between various types of impossibility and between impossibility and impracticability
Covers illegality including supervening prohibitions, interference with performance and qualified prohibition, all of which are discussed in detail
Deals clearly with the purpose, nature and construction of Force Majeure clauses
Discusses legal consequences of frustration at common law, as modified by legislation