Information-Powered Engines

This book presents the experimental development of an information-powered engine inspired by the famous thought experiment, Maxwell’s demon, to understand its potential to produce energy for practical purposes. The development of an engine based on Maxwell’s demon was previously inconceivable, but technological advancements have led to novel investigations into theoretical and practical applications. The built information engine consists of a micron-sized glass bead trapped in a tightly focused laser beam. It rectifies the bead's Brownian motion by controlling the laser's position and generates a unidirectional motion against gravity without doing any work, thus converting thermal heat into stored gravitational potential energy. A theoretical model based on a spring-mass system describes the engine's dynamics, and was then used to find optimum parameters to improve the engine's performance. By experimentally implementing these optimization strategies, the engine achieved output powers comparable to those measured in biological motors. This book also highlights performance improvements made in the presence of measurement noise and presents important guiding principles to design information engines to operate in non-equilibrium environments. By focusing on practical applications, the book overall aims to broaden the scope of information engines past theory.