The Shum Cities of the Rhine

Of extraordinary significance are the material remains that have been preserved or newly brought to public notice in the three ShUM cities: in Speyer above all the communal Jewish buildings with synagogue and mikvah; in Worms "Holy Sand Cemetery", the oldest Jewish cemetery in Europe, as well as the synagogue (destroyed in 1938, reopened in 1961) and mikvah; and in Mainz the "Memorial Cemetery".