Norm Contestation and Power Dynamics in the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime

This book explores the inherently contested nature of international norms, shaped by competing interests, values, and power dynamics. It highlights the crucial role of dominant states in defining, adapting, and enforcing norms to align with their strategic objectives, influencing the evolution of global governance. By integrating realist constructivism with norm contestation theory, the study provides a novel theoretical framework to analyze regime change and stability. This framework emphasizes how power structures, normative factors, domestic culture, and elite perceptions interact to shape international regimes, revealing the contingent and dynamic nature of regime evolution. The book offers a detailed examination of the Indo-U.S. Civilian Nuclear Agreement and its implications for the nuclear non-proliferation regime. Despite criticisms of granting India an exceptional status as a non-NPT (Non-Proliferation Treaty) state, the study argues that the agreement has constructively engaged India, aligning it more closely with non-proliferation norms. It delves into the United States’ strategic balancing act—granting India-specific exemptions while discouraging similar agreements with other non-NPT states—to maintain regime integrity and pursue broader strategic objectives. By combining theoretical insights with a focused case study, this book makes a significant contribution to understanding the interplay between power, norms, and global governance. It will appeal to scholars and students of international relations, political science, and global governance, as well as policymakers.